Effects of Dietary Zymosan-A on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Morphology, Digestive Capacity, and Microbial Community in Litopenaeus vannamei

The effects of dietary zymosan A on the growth performance and histological structure, digestive capacity, microbiota were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei , an important shrimp species used aquaculture. L. (initial body weight = 0.41 ± 0.05 g) fed diets supplemented with zymosan-A at doses 0 mg/kg (Z0, control), 1 (Z1), 5 (Z5), 25 (Z25), 125 (Z125), or 625 (Z625) for 8 weeks. results showed that significantly increased final weight, gain rate (WGR), specific (SGR) decreased feed conversion compared controls ( p < 0.05). Analyses WGR SGR revealed optimum levels 308.56 300.00 mg/kg, respectively. Compared controls, intestinal villus height was by addition ?25 An obvious upregulation activities trypsin amylase observed all groups received supplementation, while activity lipase Z125 Z625 Consistently, gene expressions higher group Z125, expression zymosan-A-supplemented Analysis significant differences alpha diversity between controls. altered bacterial community structures compositions phylum, family, genus levels, statistical relative abundances some dominant species. Tax4Fun predictions indicated multiple functions groups, except Z1. Among these related to transport catabolism, substance dependence, cardiovascular disease, signaling molecules interactions obviously different levels. In conclusion, supplementation amount can improve function which will be valuable